COLOR

• The element of art derived from reflected light
• Has three qualities: hue, value, and intensity

HUE

• Name of a color according to the categories of the color wheel

VALUE

• Relative lightness or darkness of a hue
• Changes through additions of white and black

INTENSITY

• Relative purity of a color
• Refers to the brightness (high) or dullness (low) of a hue
• Also called chroma or saturation
• Adding a hue's complementary color lowers the hue's intensity (subtraction process)

TONALITY

• Refers to the overall effect of a work of art when one color and variations of it seem to dominate the whole

COLOR HARMONIES

1. Monochromatic

• Composed of variations of the same hue

2. Complementary


involves two colors opposite one another on the color wheel

• Complementary colors react more vividly with each other thereby creating more intense hues

3. Analogous

• Combines colors adjacent to each other on the color wheel

4. Triadic

• Composed of any three colors equidistant from each other on the color wheel

WARM COLORS VS. COOL COLORS

• Colors are relatively warm or cold only due to associations

OPTICAL EFFECTS OF COLOR

• Simultaneous contrast

ADVANCING VS. RECEDING COLORS

• Warmer, high-intensity, and dark-value hues appear larger and advancing than cooler, low-intensity, and high-value hues, which appear smaller and receding

OPTICAL COLOR MIXTURE

• When small patches of different colors are close together, the eye may blend them to produce a new color.
• Pointillism - dots of pure color are placed next to each other
  

TEXTURE

Do all surfaces have texture?

Texture is how the surface of painting, sculpture or architecture feels like in looking at it or in touching it. An illusion is set by 2-dimensional artworks that would make you believe that the surface in front of you is rough or smooth. The illusion is made because of several techniques like addition of granules to paint, or by applying thick acrylic and pasting materials (as in collage), to surfaces of compositions.

Texture adds richness to a work of art and make it more interesting.

Two kinds of texture

1. Tactile ---- touch ---- 3D texture

Painters use texture to make their works more lively. Vincent Van Gogh is know for his use of impasto, which is a technique in art that involves to thick application of paint so that the figure will stand out from the canvas.

Visual ---- illusion ---- 2D texture

A photograph is an example of visual texture. The images captured in a photograph seem rough but the surface of the photogrph remain smooth and flat.


illustrations taken from Sanford (2005)

Examples of texture:
	Smooth: No textural "barriers" or "distractions"
				La Pieta (1555-64) - Michelangelo di Buonarroti The carved marble images are finished with such high quality that the observer can imagine how smooth they would be to the touch.
	Rough: Can be created by the heavy application of paint.
				The Cathedral of Rouen (1892, dated 1894) - Claude Monet The paint is laid on this image of 1892 in such a quick manner as to suggest roughness of the surface.
	Velvety
				Portrait of a Man in a Red Cap (1486) - Titian (Tiziano Vecelli) The thick richness of oils lends the expensive clothes of this young nobleman a velvety effect.
	Silky
				The Birth of Venus (1485) - Sandro Botticelli The smooth application of oil paint to this Italian Renaissance masterpiece evokes the impression of silken skin on the beautiful gods and goddesses.
	Downy
				Young Hare (1502)- Albrecht Durer Durer was so exacting in his replication of nature, that the observer can almost feel the rabbit's soft fur.
	Bumpy
				Broadway Boogie Woogie (1943)- Piet Mondrian The superimposed squares of primary colors conjure up bumps across the flat canvas. This rhythm of color almost turns up the music.

MASS, VOLUME, FORM

MASS

• A unified body of matter with no specific shape: a mass of clay.

• a three-dimensional area or the physical bulk of a solid body of material.

Volume

• The space that is occupied by an object or shape. When mass encloses a space, the space is called volume.

Form

• Sometimes used instead of mass to refer to bulk.

LINES

Lines

-In art, we consider lines as paths of action
-they are a continuous mark made on some surface by a moving point
-implies action since it takes movement to make a line
-can lead the eyes into, around, and out of visual images in a work of art



Characters of Lines

-can be active, static, aggressive or passive
-indicates directions
-define boundaries of shapes and spaces

Kinds of Lines

1. Horizontal Lines

-run parallel to the ground
-line of rest and quiet contemplation

2. Vertical Lines

-move up nd down
-the line of potential dignity and strength
-poised; balanced, forceful, dynamic, assertive

3. Diagonal Lines

-somewhere between vertical and horizontal
-Lines of movement and action
-make viewer feel tense and uncomfortable, because they appear to be rising or falling (except when they meet at a single point)

4. Curve Lines

-change direction gradually
-the line of action and life and energy; neither harsh nor stern
-movement of grace; freely flowing

5. Zigzag Lines

-create confusion
-suggest nervous excitement

6. Axis Line